Czech Republic and cannabis: the current rules for adults

The Czech Republic changed its cannabis rules on 1 January 2026. Adults aged 21 and over may now grow cannabis for personal use at home and carry set amounts, but shops and social clubs remain illegal. This guide explains what the law says, when each rule started, and where to check the exact figures.

How the law got here

Possession of small amounts of cannabis has been decriminalised since 1 January 2010, so it became an infraction rather than a crime (Wikipedia: Cannabis in the Czech Republic). Medical cannabis has been available on prescription since 2013 (same source). The big change came with Act No. 270/2025 Coll., which amended the Criminal Code and took effect on 1 January 2026 (CNN Prima).

1. 2010-01Possession of small amounts becomes an infraction rather than a crime
2. 2013-04Medical cannabis becomes available on prescription
3. 2026-01Act No. 270/2025 Coll. takes effect: home growing and personal possession for adults aged 21 and over

What adults may do at home

Adults aged 21 and over may grow cannabis for personal use at their residence, provided there is no commercial intent (Expats.cz). The law also lets adults keep a set amount of dried cannabis at home and carry a smaller amount in public.

We have left the exact limits out on purpose. They decide whether an activity is still legal, so read them in the current law (Act No. 270/2025 Coll.) before you rely on any figure.

• Czech Republic, home growingLegalAdults aged 21 and over, for personal use at their residence, within the limits of the law.
• Czech Republic, possessionLegalPersonal possession within the set limits, at home and in public.
• Czech Republic, retail sale and social clubsIllegalNo licensed shops or social clubs are permitted under the 2026 rules.

What stays illegal

Selling cannabis remains illegal, and the new law does not permit retail sales for recreational use (Expats.cz). Cannabis social clubs have not been legalised. Officials have said they could be considered in the coming years, but none are legal today.

Growing above the plant limit, or keeping more than the set amounts, remains a criminal offence.

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Before you grow, buy or travel

This guide covers cannabis under the criminal law. It does not cover the rules for CBD products in the Czech Republic, which we did not check for this article.

For a comparison with another EU country, read our guide to Germany’s cannabis law: what adults may do. The Czech rules apply inside the Czech Republic only, so check the law of any country you travel to.

1. Check that you are 21 or older, the minimum age under the Czech rules.
2. Keep any growing for personal use only, with no commercial intent.
3. Read the current law for the exact limits on plants and dried cannabis.
4. Remember that shops and social clubs are not legal, so there is no lawful place to buy.
5. Check the rules of the country you are visiting before you cross a border.